The two contestants stand on their respective territories, with the huge, burly Russian wearing a belt saying “European champion”, hands behind his back, looking down on his opponent who barely reaches his waist. This picture shows a pugilistic ring, depicting Europeans’ worldview and how they saw the Russo-Japanese War. The Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905), which Japan also won, was practically an exercise in preparation for World War I, which is why it is also known as “World War Zero”. Both sides used the latest weapons and military tactics, including trench warfare, machine guns, and observation balloons. These tensions intensified in 1900, when Russia took advantage of the Boxer Rebellion to take control of northeast China, sparking a full-blown land and sea war with Japan. After the First Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895) which was won by Japan ended, there was strategic friction between Japan and Russia in the Korean peninsula and northeast China.
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